I published this article previously on Substack where it has gotten a lot of attention. I would like to publish it here for you as well. Together we can get through all of this. Together may the coming weeks be better for all of us because, in the end, no-one else came to save us but we came to save ourselves.
Constitution Backdrop published by the U.S. Government in 1935.
We have come to the end of a week of looking at the actions that current federal agencies have taken in the last 25 days. Now I wish to focus on the judges, their decisions, and the people in the current federal government. Some have asked the question of what will happen if the current federal government ignores any one or all of these decisions.
One of the earliest roles in my own practice of law was as a defense attorney. I did that for many years. As a defense lawyer, I early on developed the habit of preparing to defend all likely eventualities including the worst possible case. I will not claim that I was perfect at predicting the possibilities, but I learned always to prepare for them.
So for me, the question is not whether these people will refuse to obey Court Orders, the question is what to do when they disobey a Court Order.
It hasn't happened, so far as I know as of this writing. But it may be about to happen. Frankly, it is unclear what response might be made in actual cases, although there are many possibilities. What responses might actually be made is left, as it must be, to the judges and the lawyers who are handling those claims and cases. What follows is my best attempt to highlight at least some of the possibilities before any of them become reality.
It may be a problem for a federal judge in Rhode Island, say, to enforce his Orders against agency officials who are located in Washington, D.C.
One possible response might be to direct the judicial response to officials of the offending federal agency who are located in the District in which the federal judge sits, and so are subject to the given judge's jurisdiction and, frankly, the judge's ability to call upon the U.S. Marshals to bring the official to the judge's Court. That is one possibility.
Another possible remedy might include the lawyers who stand in the judge's courtroom arguing for actions that are unconstitutional, against the law, or ignore the law. In the situation we are imagining, those lawyers have lost the argument. Their client has disobeyed Court Orders. Lawyers have an ethical obligation to be zealous in their advocacy, but it is unethical for lawyers to counsel their clients to refuse to comply with clearly established law. Noncompliance with clearly established law seems to be the case in most if not all of these situations in the past 25 days. You might even say that it seems to be a feature of those cases, not a bug.
It would also seem, then, to be well-taken for those lawyers to have to explain their conduct. After all, they are the ones who presented the arguments in favor of ignoring clearly established law in at least some of the cases. I have never initiated or argued a contempt proceeding for anyone to Show Cause why they should not be held in contempt, but I have seen judges take that step. This might be the occasion for a Show Cause proceeding or proceedings, now.
Judges are not the only ones who can call wayward lawyers to account. There is certainly room for Bar Associations to consider the conduct of some of their members here. I have served on a Grievance Committee and we encountered conduct far less noteworthy than some of the government lawyers’ conduct that has been on display in the past 25 days. The truth of it is instead that there is a seeming vacuum where Bar Associations should be, but are not. Perhaps not as yet.
In addition to Ethical Rules, lawyers are bound by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 which basically means that lawyers are liable to sanctions if they file or pursue claims or defenses that are basically frivolous or made in bad faith. They may also be subject to State anti-SLAPP or anti-Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation laws, although as I say these laws are State laws and their application to lawyers in federal litigation may or may not be problematical, I just don't know. (Anti-SLAPP laws are a protection in many States against being sued in meritless lawsuits for no other reason than causing you to have to spend your money on defense fees and costs.)
I am advocating for Due Process. An Inquisition is not a good response to a coup in my judgment. I would not deny Due Process even to those who would deny Due Process to everyone else.
Even the current government lawyers.
As I understand it, many of the current government lawyers were not employed by the federal government until some three weeks ago, and there are not very many professional practicing lawyers left in the Department of Justice or in U.S. Attorneys' Offices at the time that these words are written.
But even the current government lawyers are entitled to notice and an opportunity to be heard as to why they are conducting themselves as they are. That is the point of one possible remedy for a federal government and the lawyers it retains to defy Court Orders.
Thanks for reading Claims and Issues! I first published this article on Substack on Valentine's Day 2025.
P.S. on Saturday, February 15, 2025:
Here are two letters I want to make available to you to read. One is the letter that U.S. Attorney Danielle Sassoon sent to the current Attorney General, Pamela Bondi, before Ms. Sassoon resigned. Download Danielle-sassoon-02.12.25 letter-to-ag Ms. Sassoon sent this letter before she resigned because she would not file a motion to dismiss the pending indictment against the N.Y.C. Mayor. A motion has since been filed, asking for "leave of Court" to dismiss the charges. The judge should review this eight-page letter before taking any action. Some say that this letter is written like a pleading, ready to be filed in court. The judge would benefit from a reading of this letter in any event. We as a country benefit from Ms. Sassoon's courage and integrity.
The other letter I am making available for you to read immediately is the enormously well-written resignation EMail letter of Haagen Scotten, Assistant U.S. Attorney, which he sent to one of the lawyers that lost the criminal case against his client in New York State Supreme Court, since promoted to Acting Assistant Attorney General of the United States. Download Hagan-scotten-resignation 02.14.25 EM letter.
A small part of Mr. Scotten's one-page EMail letter is worth reproducing here in full, in which he addressed the justification that dismissal of the charges against the N.Y.C. Mayor without prejudice means that the charges can be refiled if the Mayor does not support the current federal government's "policy objectives":
But any assistant U.S. attorney would know that our laws and traditions do not allow using the prosecutorial power to influence other citizens, much less elected officials in this way. If no lawyer within earshot of the President is willing to give him that advice, then I expect you will eventually find someone who is enough of a fool, or enough of a coward, to file your motion. But it was never going to be me.
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